ELWYN'S BIG BANG PAGE
Foreword
Introduction
Navigation Hint
Particles and forces
Timeline - from the discovery of the electron to the Higgs boson
The Standard Model of Particle Physics
The path to the standard model (includes Quantum Chromodynamics)
Antiparticles
Particles, fields and the four fundamental forces
>
Quantum gravity
The Higgs
>
The Large Hadron Collider
>
The first colliders
Supersymmetry
>
Finding the Higgs
Much ado about 'nothing' (or a universe therefrom)
The standard and inflationary models
Inflationary cosmology and the multiverse
The universe continues to expand and experiences a cosmic dark age
... and continues to expand, the first stars form, reonisation causes light to travel freely
Inflation and negative pressure
Hubble's constant: the age of the universe and the consequences of unbridled expansion
Today, 13.73 billion years on: CMBR, horizon, flatness
What happened before the bang?
The formation of the universe's celestial bodies
Star formation
>
Terrestrial Fusion
Supernovas and the Periodic Table of Elements
>
Supernovas and neutrino formation
Galaxies, esp the Milky Way
>
How galaxies form
Gravitational Waves
The 'hushed thud' in May 2019 and another 'chirp' the following August
Gravitational lensing
Black holes and Hawking Radiation
Every galaxy has a black hole at its centre
>
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)
Black holes, the information paradox and quantum entanglement: the link between quantum physics and general relativity?
The holographic principle in a different context
Naked singularities
The formation of our solar system: the sun
Planetary formation - a four stage process
Where did the Earth's water come from?
Planet Earth and exoplanets in so-called habitable zone
Dark matter, primordial black holes and axions
Candidates for dark matter: 1. MACHOs, WIMPs, dark photons and the role of neutrinos
Candidates for dark matter: 2 Primordial black holes
Candidates for dark matter: 3. Neutralinos and axions
Candidates for dark matter: 4. Dark matter and dark energy are the same
But what if dark matter doesn't really exist?: the MOND hypothesis
Dark energy, type 1a supernovae
Electromagnetism
Radioactivity and radioactive decay
The first and second laws of thermodynamics
Optics and light, waves and particles
The beginnings of quantum mechanics
Einstein: Introduction
The photoelectric effect and Brownian motion
Special Relativity
E=mc²
E=mc² in practice
General Relativity
The equivalence principle - a thought experiment
Converting the thought experiment into mathematical equations
The thought experiment depicted geometrically
Comparison with Newton's perception of gravity
General relativity: recapitulation
Warping of time: recapitulation
The cosmological constant and the expansion of space
Quantum mechanics
Energy, matter and light: waves and particles at the same time
Double slit
Probability waves
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
Schrodinger's probability wave equation, the Copenhagen interpretation and Schrodinger's cat
The Copenhagen Interpretation and entanglement
Feynman's sum over paths - overview
Feynman's sum over paths and quantum electrodynamics
More ado about something out of nothing
Quantum mechanics - "an unmatched intellectual achievement"
Quantum Field Theory
Unifying gravity and the standard model with quantum mechanics
String theory - a link between general relativity and quantum mechanics?
String theory - the basic idea
String theory and the origins of the universe
A universe with hidden dimensions
M-theory
Branes and multiple universes
String theory, spatial expansion and the cosmological constant
String theory a work in progress
M-theory - the Grand Design?
Looking up (and back)
The quest for models and grand theories
Technological aids for future research
The future. How will it all end?
Bibliography and references
Other websites by Elwyn
The formation of the universe's celestial bodies: contents
Star formation
Supernovas
Supernovas and neutrino formation
Galaxies - the Milky Way
How galaxies form
Click upon a link to open.